# Publications Download 90 citations download- [BibTeX](/bibcite/export?pager_style=show_more&number_of_items=20&sort_field=bibcite_year--desc&taxonomy_filters%5Bfield_hwp_c_vocabulary_1038%5D&&&format=bibtex) - [EndNote X3 XML](/bibcite/export?pager_style=show_more&number_of_items=20&sort_field=bibcite_year--desc&taxonomy_filters%5Bfield_hwp_c_vocabulary_1038%5D&&&format=endnote8) - [EndNote 7 XML](/bibcite/export?pager_style=show_more&number_of_items=20&sort_field=bibcite_year--desc&taxonomy_filters%5Bfield_hwp_c_vocabulary_1038%5D&&&format=endnote7) - [Endnote tagged](/bibcite/export?pager_style=show_more&number_of_items=20&sort_field=bibcite_year--desc&taxonomy_filters%5Bfield_hwp_c_vocabulary_1038%5D&&&format=tagged) - [Marc](/bibcite/export?pager_style=show_more&number_of_items=20&sort_field=bibcite_year--desc&taxonomy_filters%5Bfield_hwp_c_vocabulary_1038%5D&&&format=marc) - [PubMedId](/bibcite/export?pager_style=show_more&number_of_items=20&sort_field=bibcite_year--desc&taxonomy_filters%5Bfield_hwp_c_vocabulary_1038%5D&&&format=pubmed_id) - [RIS](/bibcite/export?pager_style=show_more&number_of_items=20&sort_field=bibcite_year--desc&taxonomy_filters%5Bfield_hwp_c_vocabulary_1038%5D&&&format=ris) ### Forthcoming Goldin, C. ["Why Women Won"](/publications/why-women-won), 2023. Goldin, C. ["Why Women Won"](/publications/why-women-won), 2023. - [ descriptionPublisher's Version](https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w31762/w31762.pdf) - [ descriptionPublisher's Version](https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w31762/w31762.pdf) Goldin, C. [The Downside of Fertility](/publication/downside-fertility). **2025**. Goldin, C. [The Downside of Fertility](/publication/downside-fertility). **2025**. - add\_circle do\_not\_disturb\_on Abstract - [ descriptionPublisher's Version](https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w34268/w34268.pdf) The fertility decline is everywhere in the world today. Moreover, the decline goes decades back in the histories of rich countries. Birthrates have been below replacement in the U.S. and Europe since the mid-1970s, although further declines occurred after... - [ descriptionPublisher's Version](https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w34268/w34268.pdf) ### 2025 Goldin, C.; Olivetti, C.; Ferrie, J. ["Mobilizing the Manpower of Mothers: Childcare under the Lanham Act During WWII"](/publication/mobilizing-manpower-mothers-childcare-under-lanham-act-during-wwii). *Explorations in Economic History* **2025**, *97* (July 2025). Goldin, C.; Olivetti, C.; Ferrie, J. ["Mobilizing the Manpower of Mothers: Childcare under the Lanham Act During WWII"](/publication/mobilizing-manpower-mothers-childcare-under-lanham-act-during-wwii). *Explorations in Economic History* **2025**, *97* (July 2025). - add\_circle do\_not\_disturb\_on Abstract - [ picture\_as\_pdfPDF](/sites/g/files/omnuum5966/files/2025-05/Mobilizing%20the%20manpower%20of%20mothers_%20Childcare%20under%20the%20Lanham%20Act%20during%20WWII_0.pdf) - [ descriptionPublication](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101684) The Lanham Act was a federal infrastructure bill passed by Congress in 1940 and eventually used to fund programs for the preschool and school-aged children of working women during WWII. It remains, to this day, the only example in US history of an (almost... - [ picture\_as\_pdfPDF](/sites/g/files/omnuum5966/files/2025-05/Mobilizing%20the%20manpower%20of%20mothers_%20Childcare%20under%20the%20Lanham%20Act%20during%20WWII_0.pdf) - [ descriptionPublication](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101684) Goldin, C. ["Babies and the Macroeconomy"](/publication/babies-and-macroeconomy). *Economica* **2025**, *Volume 93*, 1-26. Goldin, C. ["Babies and the Macroeconomy"](/publication/babies-and-macroeconomy). *Economica* **2025**, *Volume 93*, 1-26. - add\_circle do\_not\_disturb\_on Abstract - [ picture\_as\_pdfPDF](/sites/g/files/omnuum5966/files/2025-05/Babies%20and%20the%20macroeconomy%20-%20Published%20Version_0.pdf) - [ descriptionPublication](https://doi.org/10.1111/ecca.12585) Fertility levels have decreased greatly in virtually every nation, but the timing of the decline has differed even among developed countries. In Europe, Asia and North America, total fertility rates (TFRs) of some nations dipped below the magic... - [ picture\_as\_pdfPDF](/sites/g/files/omnuum5966/files/2025-05/Babies%20and%20the%20macroeconomy%20-%20Published%20Version_0.pdf) - [ descriptionPublication](https://doi.org/10.1111/ecca.12585) ### 2024 Goldin, C.; Avilova, T. ["Seeking the ’Missing Women’ of Economics With the Undergraduate Women in Economics Challenge"](/publications/seeking-missing-women-economics-undergraduate-women-economics-challenge). *Journal of Economic Perspectives* **2024**, *38* (3), 137-62. Goldin, C.; Avilova, T. ["Seeking the ’Missing Women’ of Economics With the Undergraduate Women in Economics Challenge"](/publications/seeking-missing-women-economics-undergraduate-women-economics-challenge). *Journal of Economic Perspectives* **2024**, *38* (3), 137-62. - [ descriptionPublisher's Version](https://pubs.aeaweb.org/doi/pdfplus/10.1257/jep.38.3.137) - [ descriptionPublisher's Version](https://pubs.aeaweb.org/doi/pdfplus/10.1257/jep.38.3.137) Goldin, C.; Katz, L. F. ["The Incubator of Human Capital: The NBER and the Rise of the Human Capital Paradigm"](/publications/incubator-human-capital-nber-and-rise-human-capital-paradigm-0). In *The Economic History of American Inequality*; University of Chicago Press: Chicago, 2024. Goldin, C.; Katz, L. F. ["The Incubator of Human Capital: The NBER and the Rise of the Human Capital Paradigm"](/publications/incubator-human-capital-nber-and-rise-human-capital-paradigm-0). In *The Economic History of American Inequality*; University of Chicago Press: Chicago, 2024. - [ descriptionPublisher's Version](/sites/g/files/omnuum5966/files/2025-05/07%20Bailey_Economic%20History%20Inequality_0.pdf) - [ descriptionPublisher's Version](/sites/g/files/omnuum5966/files/2025-05/07%20Bailey_Economic%20History%20Inequality_0.pdf) Goldin, C. ["Nobel Lecture: An Evolving Economic Force"](/publications/nobel-lecture-evolving-economic-force). *American Economic Review* **2024**, *114* (6), 1515-39. Goldin, C. ["Nobel Lecture: An Evolving Economic Force"](/publications/nobel-lecture-evolving-economic-force). *American Economic Review* **2024**, *114* (6), 1515-39. - [ descriptionPublisher's Version](https://pubs.aeaweb.org/doi/pdfplus/10.1257/aer.114.6.1515) - [ descriptionPublisher's Version](https://pubs.aeaweb.org/doi/pdfplus/10.1257/aer.114.6.1515) Goldin, C.; Kerr, S. P.; Olivetti, C. [The Other Side of the Mountain: Women’s Employment and Earnings over the Family Cycle](/publications/other-side-mountain-womens-employment-and-earnings-over-family-cycle). *Dimensions of Inequality: The IFS Deaton Review, Oxford Open Economics* **2024**, *2024* (3), i323-i334. Goldin, C.; Kerr, S. P.; Olivetti, C. [The Other Side of the Mountain: Women’s Employment and Earnings over the Family Cycle](/publications/other-side-mountain-womens-employment-and-earnings-over-family-cycle). *Dimensions of Inequality: The IFS Deaton Review, Oxford Open Economics* **2024**, *2024* (3), i323-i334. - [ picture\_as\_pdfPDF](/sites/g/files/omnuum5966/files/goldinkerrolivetti_otherside.pdf) - [ picture\_as\_pdfPDF](/sites/g/files/omnuum5966/files/goldinkerrolivetti_otherside.pdf) Goldin, C.; Kerr, S. P.; Olivetti, C. [Data Extract Appendix To: "The Other Side of the Mountain," IFS Deaton Review of Inequalities](/publications/data-extract-appendix-other-side-mountain-ifs-deaton-review-gender-inequalities), 2024. Goldin, C.; Kerr, S. P.; Olivetti, C. [Data Extract Appendix To: "The Other Side of the Mountain," IFS Deaton Review of Inequalities](/publications/data-extract-appendix-other-side-mountain-ifs-deaton-review-gender-inequalities), 2024. - [ picture\_as\_pdfPDF](/sites/g/files/omnuum5966/files/goldin/files/appendix_dataextract_nlsy79.pdf) - [ picture\_as\_pdfPDF](/sites/g/files/omnuum5966/files/goldin/files/appendix_dataextract_nlsy79.pdf) Goldin, C.; Kerr, S. P.; Olivetti, C. ["The Parental Pay Gap over the Life Cycle: Children, Jobs, and Labor Supply"](/publications/parental-pay-gap-over-life-cycle-children-jobs-and-labor-supply). *Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control* **2024**. Goldin, C.; Kerr, S. P.; Olivetti, C. ["The Parental Pay Gap over the Life Cycle: Children, Jobs, and Labor Supply"](/publications/parental-pay-gap-over-life-cycle-children-jobs-and-labor-supply). *Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control* **2024**. - [ picture\_as\_pdfPDF](/sites/g/files/omnuum5966/files/jedc_goldinkerrolivetti.pdf) - [ picture\_as\_pdfPDF](/sites/g/files/omnuum5966/files/jedc_goldinkerrolivetti.pdf) ### 2022 Goldin, C. [Understanding the Economic Impact of COVID-19 on Women](/publications/understanding-economic-impact-covid-19-women). *Brookings Papers on Economic Activity* **2022**, No. Spring, 65-110. Goldin, C. [Understanding the Economic Impact of COVID-19 on Women](/publications/understanding-economic-impact-covid-19-women). *Brookings Papers on Economic Activity* **2022**, No. Spring, 65-110. - [ picture\_as\_pdfPDF](/sites/g/files/omnuum5966/files/goldin/files/bpea-sp22_goldin_paper.pdf) - [ picture\_as\_pdfPDF](/sites/g/files/omnuum5966/files/goldin/files/bpea-sp22_goldin_paper.pdf) Goldin, C.; Kerr, S. P.; Olivetti, C. *[When the Kids Grow Up: Women’s Employment and Earnings across the Family Lifecycle](https://cepr.org/voxeu/columns/when-kids-grow-womens-employment-and-earnings-across-family-lifecycle)*. VOX Eu CEPR. Goldin, C.; Kerr, S. P.; Olivetti, C. *[When the Kids Grow Up: Women’s Employment and Earnings across the Family Lifecycle](https://cepr.org/voxeu/columns/when-kids-grow-womens-employment-and-earnings-across-family-lifecycle)*. VOX Eu CEPR. - [ descriptionPublisher's Version](https://cepr.org/voxeu/columns/when-kids-grow-womens-employment-and-earnings-across-family-lifecycle) - [ descriptionPublisher's Version](https://cepr.org/voxeu/columns/when-kids-grow-womens-employment-and-earnings-across-family-lifecycle) Goldin, C.; Kerr, S. P.; Olivetti, C. [When the Kids Grow Up: Women’s Earnings and Employment across the Family Life Cycle](/publications/when-kids-grow-womens-earnings-and-employment-across-family-life-cycle), 2022. Goldin, C.; Kerr, S. P.; Olivetti, C. [When the Kids Grow Up: Women’s Earnings and Employment across the Family Life Cycle](/publications/when-kids-grow-womens-earnings-and-employment-across-family-life-cycle), 2022. - add\_circle do\_not\_disturb\_on Abstract - [ picture\_as\_pdfPDF](/sites/g/files/omnuum5966/files/goldin/files/goldinkerrolivetti_nber30323.pdf) Women earn less than men, and that is especially true of mothers relative to fathers. Much of the widening occurs after family formation when mothers reduce their hours of work. But what happens when the kids grow up? To answer that question, we estimate... - [ picture\_as\_pdfPDF](/sites/g/files/omnuum5966/files/goldin/files/goldinkerrolivetti_nber30323.pdf) ### 2021 Goldin, C. ["How the Pandemic Could Make the Future Brighter for Women in the Workplace"](/publications/how-pandemic-could-make-future-brighter-women-workplace). *Wall Street Journal*. 2021. Goldin, C. ["How the Pandemic Could Make the Future Brighter for Women in the Workplace"](/publications/how-pandemic-could-make-future-brighter-women-workplace). *Wall Street Journal*. 2021. - [ descriptionPublisher's Version](https://www.wsj.com/articles/pandemic-women-workplace-future-11638302927) - [ descriptionPublisher's Version](https://www.wsj.com/articles/pandemic-women-workplace-future-11638302927) Goldin, C. [Assessing Five Statements about the Economic Impact of COVID-19 on Women](https://www.nber.org/sites/default/files/2021-06/GOLDIN_SEANWhitePaper.pdf). In *National Academy of Sciences, Societal Experts Action Network*; Washington D.C. (online), 2021. Goldin, C. [Assessing Five Statements about the Economic Impact of COVID-19 on Women](https://www.nber.org/sites/default/files/2021-06/GOLDIN_SEANWhitePaper.pdf). In *National Academy of Sciences, Societal Experts Action Network*; Washington D.C. (online), 2021. Goldin, C. *[Career and Family: Women’s Century-Long Journey Toward Equity](https://press.princeton.edu/books/hardcover/9780691201788/career-and-family)*; Princeton University Press: Princeton NJ, 2021. Goldin, C. *[Career and Family: Women’s Century-Long Journey Toward Equity](https://press.princeton.edu/books/hardcover/9780691201788/career-and-family)*; Princeton University Press: Princeton NJ, 2021. - [Career & Family: Women’s Century-Long Journey Toward Equity](https://press.princeton.edu/books/hardcover/9780691201788/career-and-family) - [Career & Family: Women’s Century-Long Journey Toward Equity](https://press.princeton.edu/books/hardcover/9780691201788/career-and-family) Goldin, C. ["Journey across a Century of Women"](/publications/journey-across-century-women). *Milken Institute Review* **2021**, *23* (2), 36-45. Goldin, C. ["Journey across a Century of Women"](/publications/journey-across-century-women). *Milken Institute Review* **2021**, *23* (2), 36-45. - [ descriptionPublisher's Version](https://www.milkenreview.org/articles/journey-across-a-century-of-women?IssueID=40) - [ descriptionPublisher's Version](https://www.milkenreview.org/articles/journey-across-a-century-of-women?IssueID=40) ### 2020 Goldin, C.; Avilova, T. [What Can UWE Do for Economics?](/publications/what-can-uwe-do-economics-0) In *Women in Economics*; CEPR Press: London, 2020; pp. 43-50. Goldin, C.; Avilova, T. [What Can UWE Do for Economics?](/publications/what-can-uwe-do-economics-0) In *Women in Economics*; CEPR Press: London, 2020; pp. 43-50. - [ descriptionPublisher's Version](https://cepr.org/publications/books-and-reports/women-economics) - [ descriptionPublisher's Version](https://cepr.org/publications/books-and-reports/women-economics) Goldin, C.; Kerr, S. P.; Olivetti, C. [Why Firms Offer Paid Parental Leave: An Exploratory Study](https://www.nber.org/papers/w26617). In *Paid Leave for Caregiving: Issues and Answers*; Brookings Institution: Washington, D.C., 2020; pp. 66-92. Goldin, C.; Kerr, S. P.; Olivetti, C. [Why Firms Offer Paid Parental Leave: An Exploratory Study](https://www.nber.org/papers/w26617). In *Paid Leave for Caregiving: Issues and Answers*; Brookings Institution: Washington, D.C., 2020; pp. 66-92. - add\_circle do\_not\_disturb\_on Abstract - [ picture\_as\_pdfPDF](/sites/g/files/omnuum5966/files/goldin/files/w26617.pdf) - [ descriptionArticle](/sites/g/files/omnuum5966/files/2025-04/Paid-Leave-for-Caregiving%20Article%20for%20Harvard%20Publications%20page.pdf) Why do competitive firms in the US provide paid parental leave (PPL)? Which firms do and to what extent? We use several firm- and individual-level data sets to answer these questions. These include the BLS-Employee Benefit Survey (EBS) for 2010 to 2018... - [ picture\_as\_pdfPDF](/sites/g/files/omnuum5966/files/goldin/files/w26617.pdf) - [ descriptionArticle](/sites/g/files/omnuum5966/files/2025-04/Paid-Leave-for-Caregiving%20Article%20for%20Harvard%20Publications%20page.pdf) Autor, D.; Goldin, C.; Katz, L. F. [Extending the Race Between Education and Technology](/publications/extending-race-between-education-and-technology). *American Economic Review, Papers and Proceedings* **2020**, *110* (May), 347-51. Autor, D.; Goldin, C.; Katz, L. F. [Extending the Race Between Education and Technology](/publications/extending-race-between-education-and-technology). *American Economic Review, Papers and Proceedings* **2020**, *110* (May), 347-51. - add\_circle do\_not\_disturb\_on Abstract - [ descriptionPublisher's Version](https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/pandp.20201061) - [ picture\_as\_pdfPDF](/sites/g/files/omnuum5966/files/goldin/files/agk_extending_aerpp.pdf) The race between education and technology provides a canonical framework that does a remarkable job of explaining US wage structure changes across the twentieth century. The framework involves secular increases in the demand for more-educated workers from... - [ descriptionPublisher's Version](https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/pandp.20201061) - [ picture\_as\_pdfPDF](/sites/g/files/omnuum5966/files/goldin/files/agk_extending_aerpp.pdf) Show morerefresh